G.+Stanley+Hall



=Granville Stanley Hall=

Time Line
•	A psychologist and educator who pioneered American psychology.

•	Stanley mainly focused on childhood development and evolutionary theory.

•	Hall was the first president of the American Psychological Association and the first president of Clark University.

•	 Hall graduated from Williams College in 1867, then studied at the Union Theological Seminary.

•	Inspired by Wilhelm Wundt's Principles of Physiological Psychology, he earned his doctorate in psychology under William James at Harvard University, after which he spent time at Wundt's Leipzig laboratory.

•	He began his career by teaching English and philosophy at Antioch College in Ohio.

•	In 1882 (until 1888), he was appointed as a Professor of Psychology and Pedagogics at Johns Hopkins University, and began what is considered to be the first American psychology laboratory.

•	In 1887, he founded the American Journal of Psychology and in 1892 was appointed as the first president of the American Psychological Association, a position he held until his death.

•	In 1899, he was named the first President of Clark University, a post he filled until 1920.

•	Hall was instrumental in the development of educational psychology, and attempted to determine the effect adolescence has on education.

•	Darwin's Theory of Evolution and Ernst Haeckel's Theory of recapitulation were large influences on Hall's career.

•	These ideas prompted Hall to examine aspects of childhood development in order to learn about the inheritance of behavior.

•	In its three aspects, recent evidence supports storm-and-stress, but modified to take into account individual differences and cultural variations. Currently, pyschologists do not accept storm-and-stress as universal, but do acknowledge the possibility in brief passing.

•	Not all adolescents experience storm-and-stress, but storm-and-stress is more likely during adolescence than at other ages.

•	Hall's major books were Adolescence (1904) and Aspects of Child Life and Education (1921).

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Hall Theory
Hall linked together genetic psychology and education. The theory that Hall is known for is his theory of //recapitulation.// More simply put as //"ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny".//

This theory explains that each person goes through changes in psychosematic senses which follow the evolutionary scale of the mind and body. Hall believed that the pre-adolescent child develops to its best when it is not forced to follow constraints, but rather to go through the stages of evolution freely.

He believed that before a child turned six or seven, the child should be able to experience how it lived in a previous stage.

Children are unable to use reasoning, show sensitiveness towards religion, or social discernment. By age eight, the child should be at stage two.

Atstage two Hall believed, thatthis was the stage where formal learning should begin. This is when the brain is at full size and weight. It is considered normal to be cruel and rude to others at this stage for the reasoning skills are still not developed. The child should not have to deal with moralizing conflicts or ideas.

The child's physical health is most important now.

In the stage of the adolescent, the child now has a rebirth into a sexed life. Hall argued that at this point, there should no longer be coeducation. Both sexes can't optimally learn and get everything out of the lessons in the presence the opposite sex. And, this is when true education can begin.

The child is ready to deal with moral issues, kindness, love, and service for others. Reasoning powers are beginning, but are still not strong. Hall argued that the high school should be a place similar to a //"people's college"// so that it could be more of an ending for those who would not be continuing their education to the next level.

Hall's specific theory that //maturation// needs to be traced, allowing deeper thoughts to be provoked only when the physical aspect of growth is complete. At the same time, he paved the way for future scholars such as //Piaget.//



//**"Every theory of love, from Plato down, teaches that each individual loves in the other sex what he lacks in himself."**//

//** -- G. Stanley Hall**//

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